ANALYSIS OF MINING ORE CONCENTRATES WITH A LOW COST PORTABLE LIBS SYSTEM
Keywords:
LIBS, Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Lasers, Spectrometers.Abstract
Identifying minerals in ore concentrates require costly techniques and preparation of samples, thus limiting their instant analysis. We present the development of a low-cost portable LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) system, to identify atomic elements in ore concentrates in-situ and in real-time. The system consists of a YAG:Nd+++ pulsed laser, an optical diffraction spectrometer, and a measurement gun consisting of a laser head and an optical system for collecting light from the sample. We developed customized software for data acquisition, processing and analysis that stores and uses the principal spectral lines of referential atomic elements (Cu, Pb, Ag, Au, Li, Zn). We experimentally obtained spectra of selected samples using our LIBS system, and successfully matched them with the referential spectral lines. Finally, we tested our system with real samples of ore concentrates from a mining company, where the presence of Zn was successfully detected through its characteristic spectrum.Downloads
References
D. A. Cremers y L. J. Radziemski, Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Wiley, 2006.
J. D. Hybl, A. G. Lithgow y G. S. Buckley, «Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection and classification of biological aerosols,» Appl. Spectrosc., vol. 57, pp. 1207-1215, 2003.
A. I. Whitehouse, J. Yong, I. M. Botheroyd, S. Lawson, C. P. Evans y J. Wright, «Remote material analysis of nuclear power station steam generator tubes by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,» Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, vol. 56, nº 6, pp. 821-830, 2001.
C. F. Alvira, O. J. Orzi and M. G. Bilmes , "Surface Treatment Analyses of Car Bearings by Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy," Applied Spectroscopy, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 192-198., 2009.
P. F. Rull, «Nuevas Fronteras en Mineralogía y Geoquímica de Campo,» Revista de la sociedad española de mineralogía, vol. 13, pp. 189-190, 2010.
R. S. Russell, «Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) – an emerging field-portable sensor technology for real-time, in-situ geochemical and environmental analysis,» Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, vol. 5, pp. 21-28, 2005.
O. Ormachea y M. Delgado, «Diseño y construcción de un láser pulsado portátil del tipo YAG: Nd+++ para aplicaciones LIBS,» Investigación & Desarrollo, vol. 11, pp. 85-97, 2011.
IMA-Engineering, "Innovative Mineral Analyzers," 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.ima.fi/products. [Accessed 18 march 2016].
ProgramNuclearRadiationEngineering, "Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis," 2016. [Online]. Available: https://nuclear.engr.utexas.edu/index.php/netl/services/prompt-gamma-activation-analysis. [Accessed 14 april 2018].
M. Gaft, L. Nagli, Y. Griosman y A. Barishnikov, «Industrial Online Raw Materials Analyzer Based on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy,» Applied Spectroscopy, vol. 68, nº 9, pp. 1004-1015, 2014.
E. Tognoni, V. Palleschi, M. Corsi y G. Cristoforetti, «Quantitative micro-analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a review of the experimental approaches,» Spectrochimica Acta Part B, vol. 57, pp. 1115-1130, 2002.
O. Ormachea, «Diseño y construcción de un laser solido pulsado del tipo YAG: Nd+++,» Revista Boliviana de Física, vol. 13, nº 13, pp. 54-57, 2007.
O. Ormachea, O. Urquidi y J. Cisneros , «Desarrollo de un espectrómetro de difracción y su programa de control utilizando elementos comerciales de bajo costo,» Revista Cubana de Física, pp. 93-98, 2013.
I. Terceros y O. Ormachea, «Control inalámbrico de un sistema LIBS portátil basado en tecnología bluetooth,» Investigación & Desarrollo, pp. 108-117, 2014.
O. Ormachea, O. Urquidi and D. Casazola, "Development of a portable low-cost LIBS system," Proc. of SPIE 8th Ibero American Optics Meeting/11th Latin American Meeting on Optics, Lasers, and Applications, pp. 87851D-87851D-8, 2013.
O. Urquidi y O. Ormachea, «Desarrollo de un sistema de análisis fisicoquímico, basado en espectroscopia de emisión atómica inducida por radiación láser,» Investigación & Desarrollo, vol. 13, pp. 5-12, 2013.
J. Espinoza, «Minería boliviana 2001-2011,» El Diario, p. 23, 7 marzo 2012.
Banco-Mundial, "Banco Mundial," 2016. [Online]. Available: http://datos.bancomundial.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=BO. [Accessed 11 may 2018].
Chamaleon-CCD, "Poin gray," 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.ptgrey.com/chameleon-usb2-cameras. [Accessed 5 may 2018].
I. Terceros, O. Ormachea, A. Villazon y O. Urquidi, «Desarrollo de un espectrómetro de bajo costo con una rejilla ajustable y control electrónico inalámbrico,» Revista Politécnica, pp. 113-119, 2016.
NIST, "NIST Atomic Spectra Database Lines Form," 2016. [Online]. Available: http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/ASD/lines_form.html. [Accessed 13 march 2018].
OSCAR, "Optical Science Center for Applied Research - Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Elemental Spectra," 2016. [Online]. Available: https://oscar.desu.edu/libs/. [Accessed 4 March 2018].
Portable low cost analyzer LIBS 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.laser2000.se/Photonics/Optical-Instrumentation/Spectroscopy/Portable-low-cost-analyzer-LIBS.html. [Accessed 5 may 2018].
Z-300 LIBS Analyzer 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciaps.com/libs-handheld-laser-analyzers/z-300/. [Accessed 2 may 2018].
LS-2131M Compact pulsed Nd:YAG laser 2018. [Online]. https://www.lotis-tii.com/eng/productid69.php. [Accessed 15 may 2018].
USB4000 (Custom) 2018. [Online]. https://oceanoptics.com/product/usb4000-custom/. [Accessed 15 may 2018].
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike
CC BY-NC-SA
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work for non-commercial purposes, as long as they credit the author(s) and license their new creations under the identical terms.
The authors can enter additional separate contract agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in the magazine (for instance, they may publish it in an institutional repository or a book), subject to an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this magazine.